"to listen" or "to hear"

to listen     to give attention to someone or something in order to hear them 
[Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary]

phrasal verbs
listen in on sth - if you listen in on a conversation, you listen to it, especially secretly, without saying anything
          I wish Dad would stop listening in on my phone conversation.          Życzę sobie, aby mój tata przestał słuchać moich rozmów telefonicznych. 

listen out for sth - to make an effort to hear a noise that you are expecting
          Would you listen out for the phone while I'm in the garden?          Możesz nasłuchiwać telefonu kiedy ja będę w ogrodzie? 

listen up - INFORMAL - something you saying you say to make people listen to you
          Okay everyone - listen up! I have an announcement to make.          Ok wszyscy - słuchajcie! Mam wiadomość. 


COMMON MISTAKE: listen to
When listen is followed by a direction object, remember to use the preposition to. Don't say 'listen something', say 'listen to something'
          I often listen to the radio while I'm doing my homework.         Ja zawsze słucham radia podczas gdy odrabiam moją pracę domową. 
          He never listens to what I say.          On nigdy nie słucha tego co mówię. 

USAGE NOTE: listen, listen to or hear?
Use hear when you want to say that sounds, music, ect. come to your ears. You can hear something without wanting to:
          I could hear his music through the wall.          Mogę usłyszeć muzykę przez ścianę. 
          Can you hear me?          Słyszysz mnie?

Use listen to say that you pay attention to sounds or try to hear something:
          The audience listened carefully.          Publiczność uważnie słuchała. 
          Shh! I'm listening!          Shh! Ja słucham! 

Use listen to when you want to say what it is that you are trying to hear:
          The audience listened to the speaker.          Publiczność słuchała przemawiającego.
          Ssh! I'm listening to the radio!          Ssh! Ja słucham radia!

other ways of saying listen
Hear can sometimes be used instead of 'listen':
          An audience gathered to hear him speak.          Zgromadzona publiczność usłyszała jego głos. 

If someone listens to another person's conversation without them knowing, the verb eavesdrop or the phrasal verb listen in on is often used:
          He was eavesdropping on our conversation.          On podsłuchiwał naszą rozmowę. 
          I wish Dad would stop listening in on my phone calls.          Chciałbym, żeby tata ie podsłuchiwał moich rozmów telefonicznych.

If you want someone to listen until you have said everything you want to say, you could use the phrasal verb hear sb out:
          At least hear me out before you make up your mind.          Przynajmniej mnie wysłuchaj zanim podejmiesz decyzję. 

If you suddenly start to listen to something carefully because you have heard something interesting, you could say that your ears prick up:
          I heard my name mentioned and my ears pricked up.          Usłyszałam wymienione moje nazwisko i moje uszy się nastawiły.  


to hear     to receive or become conscious of a sound using your ears
[Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary]

phrasal verbs
hear from sth - if you hear from someone, you get a letter or telephone call from them, or they tell you something
          We have not heard from her for ages.          Nie słyszeliśmy jej od wieków. 

hear of sb/sth - if you have heard of someone or something, you know that that person or thing exists
          I'd never heard of him before he won the prize.          Nigdy o nim nie słyszałam dopóki nie dostał nagrody. 

not hear od sb/sth - if someone says they will not hear of something, they mean they will not allow it, usually when you want to do something good for them
          I wanted to pay but she wouldn't hear of it.          Chciałam zapłacić ale ona nie chciała o tym słyszeć. 

hear sth from sb - to receive news about someone
          We have not heard anything of Jan for months.          Nie słyszeliśmy nic o Janie od miesięcy. 

hear sb out - to listen to someone until they have said everything they want to say
          At least hear me out before making up your mind.          Przynajmniej mnie wysłuchaj zanim podejmiesz decyzję. 

COMMON MISTAKE: hear from sb
To talk about getting a letter or telephone call from someone, remember to use the preposition from. Do not say 'hear someone', say 'hear from someone'.